Twenty years ago, David DiVincenzo wrote an essay in which he gave a set of basic criteria for the physical realization of a quantum computer. They were deceptively simple.
This post covers the first deceptively simple criteria. Before explaining the first criteria, I have to mention two other separate essential technologies, the Spectroscopy and Laser Cooling.
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation.
Laser cooling includes a number of techniques in which atomic and molecular samples are cooled down to near absolute zero.
Using Laser Cooling and Spectroscopy, we can trap and manipulate the qubits.
Using RF trapping and Laser Cooling, we can trap and cool single ions. This helps working with well-isolated and relatively simple quantum system. In ion trapping, the trapped ions are not part of a solid, but trapped in vacuumed space inside the quantum chip. Scalable Ion-trapping method is already getting plenty of traction. Good examples are ionq and Honeywell systems.
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