This post covers a short description of NV Diamond Quantum computers. I have included additional links to learn more about this exciting architecture.
Imperfections in the crystal lattice of diamond are common. The defect can be useful.!
"The nitrogen-vacancy center (N-V center or NV center) is one of numerous point defects in diamond. Its most explored and useful property is its photoluminescence, which allows observers to read out its spin-state. The NV center's electron spin, localized at atomic scales, can be manipulated at room temperature by external factors such as magnetic, or electric fields, microwave radiation, or light, resulting in sharp resonances in the intensity of the photoluminescence. These resonances can be explained in terms of electron spin related phenomena such as quantum entanglement, spin–orbit interaction and Rabi oscillations, and analysed using advanced quantum optics theory. An individual NV center can be used as a basic unit for a quantum computer, a qubit, used f.e. for quantum cryptography. Further potential applications in novel fields of electronics and sensing include spintronics, masers, and quantum sensors. If the charge is not specified the term "NV center" refers to the negatively charged NV− center." -- Wiki
In this QC architecture, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center-in-diamond lattice, two carbon atoms in the diamond lattice are missing, and of them replaced with nitrogen ion (charged atom). The resulting system forms a "paramagnetic defect" that cab "act" as a qubit!.
A microwave filed activate and manipulate the qubit, and the read out is optically.
There are several labs that have demonstrated a basic NV system. Instead of doping with Nitrogen doping, some labs have doped with Silicon. These material variants have pros and cons.
Wikipedia page:
Current research on application of two-qubit operators,
Download: D-4 Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
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