In this post, I will define a thermodynamic system so we can understand quantum computation better. It is not a physics course, but I cover the basics and explain the meaning and definition of thermodynamics words.
Thermodynamics is the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy), and, by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.
I cover different kinds of thermodynamic systems based on how they can interact with their surroundings and that]s essential in understating the quantum concept. Thermodynamics plays a significant role in quantum computing, and a basic understanding of it helps build quantum computation knowledge.
As I said, this is not a physics course and you don't need to be a physicist, but you should know the basics.
Basic knowledge of thermodynamics is essential in quantum computations, especially with superconducting systems where the qubits are manufactured (Google and IBM) and the natural (atoms and ions).
A thermodynamic system is defined as "matter" surrounded by a closed surface called an "enclosure." This enclosure separates the system from its surrounding "environment."
We assume that our system is "large," not large in space, but contains a large amount of "matter" we can count as moles. A mole is defined as about six times 10 to the power of 23rd particles (6.02214076×10 to the power of 23 - be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.). So in that sense, the system is "large." We also consider photons or other kinds of fields in our system, but most of the time, it's only "matter."
Although its "enclosure" surrounds the system, there are always ways to interact with the environment.
Two things can happen:
Can matter get out or in?
Can heat go out or in?
If "matter" exchange is possible, the system is called "open."
If "matter" can not exchange (go in or out), it is a "closed" system.
If the heat exchange is possible, then the system is called "diathermal."
If the heat exchange is not possible, the system is called "adiabatic."
If there are no interactions with the environment, the system is called "isolated."
You can separate a thermodynamic system into several parts and subsystems, which are also considered thermodynamics. The separation between these subsystems in physics is called a "wall." The walls have many properties.
The questions are:
Can the wall move? If yes, it is "movable"; if not it is a "fixed" wall.
Can "matter" pass through the "wall" from one subsystem to another subsystem via "convection?"
If the matter can exchange, then the wall is "permeable," and if not, it is "impermeable."
Can "wall" conduct heat from one subsystem to another subsystem? If yes, the wall is called "diathermal," and if not is called "adiabatic wall.
Quantum Thermodynamics: An introduction to the thermodynamics of quantum information
Yi Hong Teoh, Manas Sajjan, Zewen Sun, Fereshteh Rajabi, Rajibul Islam
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